Research Article: Antibacterial and osteogenic stem cell differentiation properties of photoinduced TiO2 nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanotubes
An overarching theme of the Nanomedicine Special Focus Issue on ‘Engineering the nanoenvironment for regenerative medicine’ is the regulation of cellular function through nanotopographical modification. In this article, Liu et al. present research on the fabrication of titania nanotubes anodized into titanium and how these may be employed to improve the materials antibacterial and cell compatibility properties. Specifically the authors show that these surfaces induce significant downregulations in glycosytransferase genes in Streptococcus mutans populations and improved osteogenic functions in human stem cells, noting that this may provide a powerful methodology to improve orthopedic and dental implant efficacy.
Aim: To improve the antibacterial and mammalian cell compatibility properties of titania nanotubes (TNTs) anodized into titanium (Ti). Materials & methods: 3–8-nm TiO2 nanoparticles were decorated on the surface and inside TNT (TNT-TiO2) through a hydrothermal method. After UV light treatment, two types of oral bacteria and stem cells were cultured on the samples to determine antibacterial and compatibility properties. Results: TiO2 nanoparticles increased the surface area and photocatalysis of TNTs. Based on the photocatalysis effect and prolonged photo-induced wettability, the numbers of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were lower on the surface of TNT-TiO2 than pure Ti and TNTs after the first 7 days. Specifically, for S. mutans, the glycosytransferase (gtf) genes were downregulated 0.1–0.2-fold on TNT-TiO2. Due to the different topography and high surface energy of TNT-TiO2, stem cells also showed improved osteogenic functions on TNT-TiO2. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated for the first time improved antibacterial properties and, at the same time, greater stem cell osteogenic capacity when decorating TNTs with nanosized TiO2 particles, which may significantly improve orthopedic and dental implant efficacy.
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Author affiliations:
Wenwen Liu
Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
Penglei Su
Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Su Chen
Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
Na Wang
Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
Jinshu Wang
Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Yiran Liu
Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
Yuanping Ma
Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
Hongyi Li
Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Zhenting Zhang
Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
Thomas J Webster
Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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