Research Article: The influence of anisotropic nano- to micro-topography on in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis
An overarching theme of the Nanomedicine Special Focus Issue on ‘Engineering the nanoenvironment for regenerative medicine’ is the regulation of cellular function through nanotopographical modification. Mashinchian et al. present a comprehensive review of the contribution of nanotopography to the field with particular focus on stem cell fate on nanotopographies. In this article, Azeem et al. present research on micro- to nano-scale grooved topographies and how these influence osteoblast function in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo.
Aim: Topographically modified substrates are increasingly used in tissue engineering to enhance biomimicry. The overarching hypothesis is that topographical cues will control cellular response at the cell–substrate interface. Materials & methods: The influence of anisotropically ordered poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) substrates (constant groove width of ˜1860 nm; constant line width of ˜2220 nm; variable groove depth of ˜35, 306 and 2046 nm) on in vitro and in vivo osteogenesis were assessed. Results & discussion: We demonstrate that substrates with groove depths of approximately 306 and 2046 nm promote osteoblast alignment parallel to underlined topography in vitro. However, none of the topographies assessed promoted directional osteogenesis in vivo. Conclusion: 2D imprinting technologies are useful tools for in vitro cell phenotype maintenance.
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Author affiliations:
Ayesha Azeem
Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
Andrew English
Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
Pramod Kumar
Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
Abhigyan Satyam
Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
Manus Biggs
Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
Eleanor Jones
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Bhawana Tripathi
Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures & Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Nandita Basu
Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures & Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Jan Henkel
Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Cédryck Vaquette
Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Niall Rooney
Proxy Biomedical, Galway, Ireland
Graham Riley
School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Alan O'Riordan
Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland
Graham Cross
Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures & Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Saso Ivanovski
School of Dentistry & Oral Health & Molecular Basis of Disease Program, Griffith University, Southport, Australia
Dietmar Hutmacher
Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Abhay Pandit
Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
Dimitrios Zeugolis
Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials (NFB), Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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