In vivo CAR-T: using the body as a bioreactor

In recent years, CAR-T therapy has emerged as a revolutionary immunotherapeutic approach in cancer treatment, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in treating hematological malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, with focus now moving towards its application in solid tumors. As of August 2025, there are seven FDA-approved CAR-T therapies, primarily targeting CD19 for B-cell malignancies and BCMA for multiple myeloma. Despite this success, conventional CAR-T strategies face challenges, such as complex and expensive manufacturing processes, which limit the accessibility of these therapeutics. These challenges, among others, have led cell therapy developers to consider alternative strategies to generate therapeutic CAR-T cells....